We conducted a retrospective observational cross-sectional study. We aimed to find the association between carotid plaque length (CPL) and the presence of MES. Previous studies have focused primarily on the degree of carotid artery stenosis and plaque components, and the relationship between plaque length and microembolic sign has received little attention. Microembolic signals (MES) of the carotid artery are associated with plaque destabilization and reoccurrence of stroke. The incorporation of plaque burden into the classification of LAD increases the proportion of cases attributable to LAD and reduces the proportion classified as being of 'undetermined' etiology. SPARKLE is a valid and reliable classification system, providing advantages compared to CCS and TOAST. The inter-rater reliability of SPARKLE was substantial (κ = 0.76) and the intra-rater reliability was excellent (κ = 0.91). There was substantial overall agreement between SPARKLE and CCS (κ = 0.75), with significant differences in the rate of detection of LAD, cardioembolic and undetermined causes of stroke or TIA. We analyzed a random sample of 275 patients presenting with minor stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) in an Urgent TIA Clinic in London, Ont., Canada, between 20. In a retrospective review of clinical research data, we compared three stroke subtype classifications: CCS, TOAST and SPARKLE.
#OCTURY DEEP SPARKLE 2 UPDATE#
Our objective was to update definitions of ischemic stroke subtypes to improve the detection of LAD and to assess the validity and reliability of a new classification system: SPARKLE (Subtypes of Ischaemic Stroke Classification System). However, carotid plaque burden is a stronger predictor of cardiovascular risk than stenosis.
#OCTURY DEEP SPARKLE 2 TRIAL#
Previous classification systems of acute ischemic stroke (Causative Classification System, CCS, of acute ischemic stroke, Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment, TOAST) established the diagnosis of large artery disease (LAD) based on the presence or absence of carotid stenosis.